Annex B

United States

B.1 Regulatory Structure Overview

The United States rental housing system is regulated across:

• Federal statutes and emergency interventions
• State landlord-tenant law
• Municipal rent controls, licensing, and inspection regimes

This creates overlapping authority with inconsistent enforcement standards.

B.2 Structural Friction Points

1. Emergency Regulatory Interventions
   Eviction moratoria and rent freezes override contractual frameworks without compensatory mechanisms.

1. Municipal Rent Control Variability
   Local revenue controls often ignore operating cost volatility.

1. Inspection and Habitability Enforcement
   Manual inspection processes create compliance bottlenecks and evidentiary disputes.

B.3 Employment and Market Impact

• Collapse of small property management firms during emergency periods
• Shift toward informal or under-resourced operators
• Loss of experienced personnel due to legal and personal liability exposure

B.4 Infrastructure-Based Alignment

HAVNli supports US regulatory goals by:

• Providing early warning and delinquency monitoring systems
• Standardizing habitability documentation and vendor accountability
• Reducing reliance on emergency enforcement through predictive compliance
• Enabling outcome-based regulatory supervision

Cross-Jurisdictional Observations

Across Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, common patterns emerge:

• Regulation substitutes labor where infrastructure is required
• Oversight scales poorly with human execution
• Workforce burnout undermines long-term compliance

Infrastructure-based compliance provides a pathway to preserve regulatory intent while reducing enforcement cost and market distortion.